Frequently asked questions
What is a battery cage?
A battery cage is a small, barren wire cage, about 40cm tall, that’s used to house egg-laying hens.
There are 4-7 hens confined to each cage, standing on a wire floor all day and night. Each hen has less space each than a piece of A4 paper. There’s not enough room for each hen to move around freely, stretch, flap her wings or get away from the other birds housed with her. There are many thousands of cages stacked in sheds, that may contain up to 100,000 birds. They’re called ‘battery cages’ because these stacks of cages resemble the cells of a battery unit.
For more information, visit‚ÄØour‚ÄØKnowledgebase.
What are the welfare issues with battery cages?
Studies show that hens suffer in battery cages throughout their lives. Restricted movement, constantly standing on a wire floor, and a lack of perches lead to severe bone and muscle weakness.‚ÄØThey‚ÄØsuffer from the highest rates of disuse osteoporosis, fatty live disease, and bone breakage during‚ÄØremoval from their cages at the end of their productive lives.‚ÄØHens do not have enough space in a battery cage to stretch or flap their wings, or exercise. They cannot express normal behaviours like perching, nesting, dust-bathing and foraging, leading to chronic stress and frustration.
Importantly, these effects are caused by the cage itself and therefore are inherent to the system – they cannot be improved significantly by, for example, good management practices.
For more information, visit‚ÄØour‚ÄØKnowledgebase.
How many layer hens are in battery cages?
Around‚ÄØ10 million layer‚ÄØhens in Australia are still confined to battery cages. This is approximately half of all layer hens in Australia.
While the majority of Australian consumers‚ÄØnow buy cage-free carton eggs on the supermarket shelves,‚ÄØmany‚ÄØcage eggs go into food services (cafes and restaurants) or are used as ingredients in packaged and processed foods such as cake mixes, mayonnaise, etc.
To learn more, visit‚ÄØCage Free & Proud‚ÄØor‚ÄØour‚ÄØChoose Wisely directory.
What is happening this year, and why do we need to advocate against battery cages now?
Right now, the national Animal Welfare Standards and Guidelines for Poultry are under review for the first time in almost two decades. An independent panel was tasked to produce draft standards - and those draft standards currently include a phase out of barren battery cages.
State and territory Agriculture Ministers will decide in 2021 whether to accept the draft standards, and therefore whether to agree to a phase out of battery cages in legislation.‚ÄØSo‚ÄØthis is a once-in-20-year opportunity to finally end the use of the barren battery cage in Australia - and we want all state and territory Agriculture Ministers to do the right thing when the time comes.
Of course, we want to see an end to‚ÄØall‚ÄØcages for layer hens in Australia, and we want to see it done much, much quicker than the draft standards are proposing.‚ÄØThis is still a substantial improvement to the lives of Australian layer hens, and we need Agriculture Ministers to make the right decision.
Why haven’t cages been banned in Australia before now?
The RSPCA has campaigned against battery cages in Australia for over 40 years. In 1999 the Australian Government began a review into the housing of layer hens. Sadly, despite the overwhelming evidence that hens suffer in cages, in 2000 the Council of State and Territory Agriculture Ministers decided that cages would still be used for the foreseeable future. Since then, the issue has been hotly debated, as more and more members of the community understand that layer hens’ needs can’t be met in barren battery cages.
The current review of the Standards and Guidelines has taken over six years. There has been delay after delay. But finally in 2021, we are in the fortunate position that the draft standards include a phase out of battery cages.‚ÄØSo‚ÄØall we need is for state and territory Agriculture Ministers to agree to the draft standards, when the time comes.
While the Standards as they are currently drafted will still allow furnished or enriched cages to be used (which include perches, nesting areas and scratch pads), these aren’t widely used in Australia now and are unlikely to be used widely in the future as the market continues to go cage-free. Right now, ending the use of barren battery cages would mean a huge improvement for the welfare of millions of laying hens.
If cages are cruel, why can’t the RSPCA prosecute?
The RSPCA can only prosecute when someone is breaking the law or contravening the regulations that set minimum standards for battery cages. Currently in every state and territory except the ACT, battery cages are still legal. That’s why we need this change to the legislation.
What is a conventional cage?
A ‘conventional cage’ is the term used by the egg industry to describe these small, barren wire cages.
In the early 2000s, regulations were changed to allow each layer hen one hundred square centimetres of extra space in barren battery cages – that’s about the size of an iPhone! The egg industry took this opportunity to re-brand the cages as ‘conventional’, to distance themselves from the growing community concern associated with ‘battery’ cages.
A ‘conventional cage’ is no different in any meaningful way to a barren battery cage, and is just as detrimental to the hens’ welfare.
What is a furnished, or enriched, cage?
A ‘furnished’ or ‘enriched’ cage is a cage that includes opportunities for hens to express natural behaviours, like a perch, nest area, scratch pad, and more space per bird. They are not currently used in Australia at any large scale.
While larger cages that include all of the above furnishings do obviously offer some benefits over more crowded and barren battery cages, furnished cages still don’t allow hens to perform their full range of natural behaviours. The RSPCA believes the needs and welfare of layer hens are best met in a well-managed cage-free system.
For more information, visit‚ÄØour‚ÄØKnowledgebase.
What can consumers do to help?
The most important step you can take right now is to‚ÄØtake action,‚ÄØand help let decision-makers know you want to see an end to barren battery cages. You can also share the link with friends and family, and on social media, to help other people take action. Right now, every voice counts.
You can also support brands that have already made the switch to cage-free eggs through‚ÄØour‚ÄØCage Free & Proud‚ÄØdirectory, and support cafes and restaurants near you serving higher welfare food through‚ÄØour‚ÄØChoose Wisely‚ÄØinitiative.
Want more information?
Listen to the Humane Food Podcast episode What’s the problem with cage eggs and why are hens still in cages today?
